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En plein air
''En plein air'' ((:ɑ̃ plɛn ɛːʁ)), or ''plein air painting'', is a phrase borrowed from the French equivalent meaning "open (in full) air". It is particularly used to describe the act of painting outdoors, also called (フランス語:peinture sur le motif) ("painting of the object(s) or what the eye actually sees"), where a painter reproduces the actual visual conditions seen at the time of the painting. This method contrasts with studio painting or academic rules; those might create a predetermined look. ''En plein air'' can also be used to describe other activities where a person partakes in an outdoor environment.
== History ==
Artists have long painted outdoors, but in the mid-19th century, working in natural light became particularly important to the Barbizon school, Hudson River School, and Impressionists. The Newlyn School in England is considered another major proponent of the technique in the latter 19th century. The popularity of painting ''en plein air'' increased in the 1840s with the introduction of paints in tubes (like for toothpaste). Previously, painters made their own paints by grinding and mixing dry pigment powders with linseed oil.
The act of outdoor painting from observation has endured throughout the 20th century and into the 21st century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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